A brown-headed nuthatch weighs 0.3 ounces (about the weight of 4 pennies) to o.4 ounces (roughly the weight of an AAA Alkaline battery).
BACKYARD SECRET – INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES CAUSE PROBLEMS FOR GEORGIA’S PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Botanists believe that anywhere from 3540 to 3600+ plants are native to Georgia. These plants and the animals that depend on them face the growing threats posed by foreign species.
Invasive plants are non-native plants that have been introduced to the Peach State. These plants typically out compete native species. Consequently, these plants often dominate or eliminate native plant communities.
The Georgia Department of Natural Resources lists 83 invasive plants that are currently threatening or have the potential endangering our native plant communities.
Studies have shown that about one out of every 100 foreign plants becomes invasive. 
Often, it takes a non-native plant 50 to 100 years to become invasive.
If you would like a list of the plants found on the Georgia Invasive list, click on the link below to view the Georgia Invasive Species Council website https://www.bing.com/search?q=https%3A%2F%2Fgainvasivespeciescouncil.org&form=IPRV10
If you find any of these species growing on your property, remove them.
TIME TO PLANT EVENING PRIMROSE SEEDS
For the past several weeks, my wife and I have enjoyed the beauty of evening primroses. I wish we could say we planted these native plants, but I cannot. They sprang up in some of the driest, poorest soil in our yard. They have taken root in a patch of poor, dry, red clay soil along the end of our driveway. This is a very precarious spot since it is in a zone routinely mowed by the Georgia Department of Transportation. We have come to the realization we are going to have the best chance that primrose will continue to provide the beautiful color and provide food for pollinators, songbirds and others in various spots around our yard, now is the time to act.
The evening primrose is a native biennial. This means the plant has a life span that only lasts two years. During its first year, it germinates, grows roots, short stems and leaves. During the second year it grows tall flower stalks that are festooned with bright yellow flowers. After the plant blooms it dies.
There are several different ways to propagate the plant. We plan on gathering a few of the plants’ dry seed pods. We will then scatter the tiny seeds in two locations. Some seeds will be sown in pots. Others will be scattered on bare soil at various spots around the yard. If you spread the seeds directly on the ground select spots rated as poor to average. We will not make any effort to cover the seeds. By planting the seeds in the fall, the seeds will be exposed to natural stratification.
You might be wondering why we are trying to promote evening primrose. There are a number of reasons why we want to establish a thriving population of primrose in our yard. First of all, we enjoy the beauty provided by the plants’ showy yellow blossoms.
The flowers also provide nectar for a number of moths and butterflies and is also serves a host plant for a number of species of moths.
Primrose also provides food for many species of bees; this list includes sweat bees, carpenter bees and bumblebees.
Both hummingbirds and butterflies also dine on the plants’ nectar.
As for vertebrates, American goldfinches and a variety of sparrows and other songbirds eat the plants’ small seeds. Small mammals also eat primrose seeds.
If the evening primrose seems to be a plant you want to add to your native plant community, I suggest you research the various ways evening primrose can be propagated.
If you are successful in establishing evening primrose on your property, I strongly suspect you will feel that your efforts were well worth it.
BACKYARD SECRET – WHERE DO RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRDS WINTER?
When ruby-throated leave our feeders at the end of summer they winter in a number of places.
While most of them leave the United States, a small number actually overwinter here. Most of these birds take up residence in Florida; however, they also winter in a number of other Southeastern states. I have banded wintering hummingbirds in Georgia. Each year hummingbirds also winter in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Outside of the United States some rubythoats also regularly spend the winter in West Indies.
Most of our ruby-throated hummingbirds winter in a vast range that extends from Mexico to Central America. More rubythroats winter in Mexico than in any other country although wintering birds also reside in Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
WHITE ASTERS – STUNNING AND BENEFICIAL
If you ride down a country road in Middle Georgia right now the blossoms of two native plants grab your attention. These plants are goldenrod and white aster.
Goldenrod is by far the showstopper. In many locales yellow plumes of goldenrod blanket fields and roadsides. In some areas, however, goldenrod is sharing Mother Nature’s late summer/early fall floral stage is white aster. These plants can reach a height of 3 or more feet and during their blooming season this perennial is covered with untold an untold number of snow-white daisy-like blooms. A singe plant can literally display a hundred or more of these tiny floral jewels. At least five species of these native asters grow in Georgia. Needless to say, separating one species of aster from another can be perplexing, however, the two asters we are apt to see along roads and fields in this neck of the woods are named the smooth oldfield aster or small white aster. The other plant is called the hairy oldfield white aster or frost aster.
The plants are deer resistant, and often grow in poor, dry soil. In addition, they bloom up to six weeks.
In addition to being attractive, they are valuable wildlife plants. Those asters that bloom in late summer and beyond provide nectar well after many pollinator plants have ceased blooming. While they are particularly popular with native bees and wasps, they also provided food for butterflies, and even beetles.
These asters serve as caterpillar host plants for the silvery checkerspot and pearl crescent butterflies. On top of that, their tiny seeds are devoured by sparrows and other songbirds.
The next time you spot mounds of tiny white blossoms festooned on plants growing along the roadside, stop and admire these native beauties. After you see them up-close, it is next to impossible not to take a bevy of photos that you will want to share with others.
DON’T TAKE DOWN ALL OF YOUR HUMMINGBIRD FEEDERS
My wife and I saw a hummingbird October 9. Since we have during the past five days later, we have probably seen our last ruby-throated hummingbird this year. In spite of this, we will continue the maintain a single feeder. In fact, we take a feeder down.
There are a couple of reasons for this. One reason is, there is always the chance that a rubythroat heading toward its winter home. If one does find our yard, it will benefit from being able to quickly refuel and continue on its migration.
Another reason is a few rubythoats do spend the winter here. If they do, our feeder will supplement the food it collects from feeding at yellow-bellied sapsucker holes, and other sources.
If you do maintain a feeder, you have a chance of attracting a rufous hummingbird. Over the past several decades rufous hummingbirds have wintered here every year. In fact, the rufous hummingbird is the most common hummingbird seen in Georgia during the winter.
A feeder will give you a chance of seeing another species of hummingbirds that visit the Peach State now and then. This includes such as the black-chinned, calliope, Allen’s and others.
If you maintain at least one hummingbird feeder throughout the winter, chances are you will not see one of these birds. If you are lucky, you will be in for a real treat.
BACKYARD SECRET – WHERE GRAY SQUIRRELS LIVE CAN AFFECT THEIR COLOR
The results of a recently published study conducted in Montreal, Canada by researchers at McGill University suggest where gray squirrels live appears to have an impact on the color of their coats.
According to the stu
dy’s senior author, Allison Roth, the amount of forest cover and other factors found in urban areas seem to affect the color of the animals’ hair. The researchers learned that the squirrels inhabiting those neighborhoods in the city with colder winter temperatures and more trees are more likely to display black coats. In comparison, squirrels that live in the more urbanized and warmer areas of Montreal were more likely to have gray coats.
According to the author, “People often think of cities as a single type of environment, but our findings show that conditions animals experience can vary dramatically from one neighborhood to another,” Roth went on to say, “These local differences, along with barriers such as rivers, can shape how wildlife populations evolve, which means we need to look beyond simple urban-rural comparisons to understand adaptation in cities.”
HELP NEEDED TO TRACK THE SPREAD OF THE JORO SPIDER
The University of Georgia’s Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health is tracking the spread of the invasive Joro spider across the State of Georgia. With that in mind, the researchers are asking the public to document its march across the Peach State.
“You can’t just have the experts looking for them,” says the center’s Rebecca Wallace. She went on to say, “Photos from the public help researchers identify new habitats and collect specimens for further research.”
Another goal of this study is determining if this large spider is having any impact on native wildlife. Many Georgians are afraid the Joro spider’s webs are catching ruby-throated hummingbirds and butterflies such as the monarch.
If you like to participate in this research, visit the website named Joro Watch. Once there, fill out the submission form and submit it with a photo of the spider that you believe is a Joro. https://jorowatch.org/
BACKYARD SECRET: ONE-WAY CHIPMUNKS WARN OTHERS WHEN A PREDATOR IS NEAR
Chipmunks are common residents in Georgia yards. While they can be regularly seen during the warmer months of the year, at no time are they more often seen than from late summer throughout autumn. This is the time when chipmunks are busy gathering and storing food for winter.
As you might expect, this is a time when they are more likely to cross paths with predators. When one chipmunk sees a hawk, fox or other predator they warn the other chipmunks in the area that danger is close by. Remarkably, they warn their cohorts when a predator is near using two distinct calls. One is uttered when an aerial predator is close by. A totally different call is vocalized when the threat comes from a ground predator.
Now that is pretty neat!
BACKYARD SECRET – DO KATYDIDS HAVE THEIR EARS ON THEIR KNEES?
